Prep the pan: Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners. Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C). This initial high heat helps create tall, domed tops.
Mix dry ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Add granulated sugar and lemon zest, then whisk again to evenly distribute.
Combine wet ingredients: In a separate bowl, whisk milk, sour cream, oil, melted butter, eggs, and vanilla until smooth.
Fold together: Pour the wet mixture into the dry. Fold gently with a spatula until just combined. The batter should be thick and slightly lumpy. Do not overmix.
Prepare blueberries: Toss blueberries with 1 tablespoon flour to help suspend them in the batter. Fold them in gently, reserving a small handful to press on top of each muffin for a pretty finish.
Portion the batter: Divide batter evenly among the muffin cups, filling them nearly to the rim for tall muffins. Press a few reserved berries onto the tops.
Add the sugar crust: Generously sprinkle coarse sugar over each muffin. Aim for full coverage—it creates that signature crunch and sparkle.
Bake high, then lower: Bake at 425°F (220°C) for 5–7 minutes. Without opening the oven, reduce heat to 350°F (175°C) and bake another 13–15 minutes, until the tops are golden and a toothpick comes out with a few moist crumbs.
Cool: Let muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack. They set as they cool and the sugar crust firms up.
Serve: Enjoy warm or at room temperature. The lemon zest flavor blooms after cooling, and the crust stays crisp for hours.